Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: RS/GIS Laboratory, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University Publication_Date: 20040915 Title: Ten Class DEM Derived Landform for the Southwest United States Edition: version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: Manis, Gerald, John Lowry, and R. Douglas Ramsey. 2001. Preclassification: An Ecologically Predictive Landform Model. Gap Analysis Program Bulletin No. 10, December 2001. USGS GAP Analysis Program. Moscow, Idaho. Online_Linkage: http://earth.gis.usu.edu/swgap/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS GAP Analysis Program Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Tentative title "Southwest Regional GAP Analysis Project Final Report." Description: Abstract: Ten landform position classes were defined by topographic position and slope gradients using a GIS model. The 10 landform classes are: 1) Valley flats, 2) Gently sloping toe slopes, 3) Gently sloping ridges, fans and hills, 4) Nearly level terraces and plateaus, 5) Very moist steep slopes, 6) Moderately moist steep slopes, 7) Moderately dry steep slopes, 8) Very dry steep slopes, 9) Cool aspect scarps, cliffs and canyons, and 10) Hot aspect scarps, cliffs and canyons. The GIS model was created using ArcInfo AML and a 30 meter DEM (digital elevation model). DEM data was from the USGS National Elevation Dataset (1999). The geographic extent for the modeling area was the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada and Utah. While the modeling area encompassed these 5 southwestern states, the actual GIS dataset accompanying this metadata file may be a subset of the 5-state region. Purpose: The landform GIS dataset may be used for various purposes with user's discretion. Specifically, this dataset was created to be used in conjunction with several other predictor datasets for regional vegetation modeling/mapping. Formal validation of this dataset has not been conducted. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1999 (year National Elevation Dataset obtained) Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Southwestern United States Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -120 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -101 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: landform Theme_Keyword: topographic position Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Southwest U.S. Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: New Mexico Place_Keyword: Nevada Place_Keyword: Utah Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Remote Sensing/GIS Laboratory, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University Contact_Person: John Lowry Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: UMC 5275 City: Logan State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84322-5275 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 435-797-0653 Data_Set_Credit: Gerald Manis and John Lowry, RS/GIS Laboratory, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: A formal assessment of the accuracy of this dataset has not been conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable for grid datasets. Completeness_Report: The Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) is approximately 1 acre. See Processing Steps for more details. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Eros Data Center, United States Geological Survey, National Elevation Database Publication_Date: 1999 Title: 30 meter Digital Elevation Model Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital raster (ArcInfo grid) Online_Linkage: http://ned.usgs.gov/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Source_Contribution: A digital elevation model (DEM) obtained from the National Elevation Dataset (NED) in 1999 was used to generate the landform GIS dataset. Process_Step: Process_Description: Processing steps: Original data: 30 meter National Elevation Database GRID format (1999) The Landform grid was created using Arc Macro Language (AML) in a two step process. Step 1: A Topographic Relative Moisture Index (TRMI) ArcInfo grid was generated using TRMIM.AML. Step 2: The Landform grid was created using LANDFORM.AML, which required the TRMI grid created in Step 1 and an elevation grid as inputs. The 5-state region was initially divided into approximately 40 mapping zones. Landform grids were created for each mapping zone, which were then appended together forming a reional landform mosaic. The following outlines the steps: In ArcInfo grid: 1) Using TRMIM.AML (1-28 class) created the TRMIM grid for each mapping zone. 2) Clipped 1000 meters from the outer boundary of the TRMIM grid. 3) Merged TRMIM grids together for each state. 4) Using LANDFORM.AML created a Landform grid for each state. 5) Merged the state Landform grids together. 6) Converted 5-state grid to .img format. Smoothing filters were applied in ERDAS Imagine: In Imagine: 1) Ran 3x3 neighborhood majority filter across all 10 classes 2) Ran 5x5 neighborhood majority filter across classes 1 & 4 only 3) Ran 2nd 5x5 neighborhood majority filter across classes 1 & 4 only 4) Used CLUMP GIS function with 8 connected neighbors 5) Used ELIMINATE GIS function w/ minimum pixels to eliminate at 4 pixels (1 acre) To remove irregularities that occurred in very large, flat areas such as the basins in Utah, Nevada and some parts of Arizona, these were screen digitized as an area of interest (.aoi) and recoded to "valley flats." Notes: for more information see the TRMIM.AML & LANDFORM.AML for details on parameters used. The 10 landform classes are: 1) valley flats 2) toe slopes, bottoms and swales 3) gently sloping ridges and hills 4) nearly level plateaus or terrace 5) very moist steep slopes 6) moderately moist steep slopes 7) moderately dry slopes 8) very dry steep slopes 9) cool aspect scarps, cliffs and canyons 10) hot aspect scarps, cliffs and canyon For Citations see: Parker, A. J. 1982. The topographic relative moisture index: An approach to soil-moisture assessment in mountain terrain. Physical Geography, 1982, 3,2, pp. 160-168. Haplin, P. 1999. GIS analysis for conservation site design: A short-course developed for The Nature Conservancy. Nicholas School of the Environment - Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Duke University. Process_Date: 200305 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: grid cell Row_Count: 45822 Column_Count: 51431 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: albers conical equal area Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: Standard_Parallel: 29 30 0.000 Standard_Parallel: 45 30 0.000 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96 0 0.000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23 0 0.000 False_Easting: 0 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 30 Ordinate_Resolution: 30 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Fields in the landform dataset are: VALUE: Unique identifier required by the software COUNT/HISTOGRAM: Number of cells/pixels for the landform class RED: Required for display in Imagine GREEN: Required for display in Imagine BLUE: Required for display in Imagine CLASS_NAMES: Landform class names. The field CLASS_NAMES contains one of the following attributes: 1) valley flats (or water bodies) 2) toe slopes, bottoms and swales 3) gently sloping ridges and hills 4) nearly level plateaus or terrace 5) very moist steep slopes 6) moderately moist steep slopes 7) moderately dry slopes 8) very dry steep slopes 9) cool aspect scarps, cliffs and canyons 10) hot aspect scarps, cliffs and canyon OPACITY: Required for display in Imagine. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Manis, Gerald, John Lowry, and R. Douglas Ramsey. 2001. Preclassification: An Ecologically Predictive Landform Model. Gap Analysis Program Bulletin No. 10, December 2001. USGS GAP Analysis Program. Moscow, Idaho. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John Lowry Contact_Organization: RS/GIS Laboratory, Utah State University, Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: UMC 5275, Utah State University City: Logan State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84322-5275 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 435-797-0653 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlowry@gis.usu.edu Resource_Description: Southwest ReGAP Landform dataset Distribution_Liability: The RS/GIS Laboratory and Utah State University or their staff take no responsibility for the distribution, content, or use of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: "ERDAS" ERDAS image files (ERDAS Corporation) or ArcInfo GRID format (ESRI) Format_Version_Number: ERDAS Imagine 8.6 or Workstation ArcInfo 8.0.2 File_Decompression_Technique: Compression type *.zip or *.tgz. For windows use WinZip. For UNIX use tar -zxf .tgz Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://earth.gis.usu.edu/swgap/ Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20040811 Metadata_Review_Date: 20040915 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John Lowry Contact_Organization: RS/GIS Laboratory, Utah State University Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: UMC 5275, Utah State University City: Logan State_or_Province: Utah Postal_Code: 84322-5275 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 435-797-0653 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlowry@gis.usu.edu Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: none Metadata_Security_Classification: unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: none Metadata_Language: English